Nūhou

Loaʻa iā Kina ka ʻoihana textile nui loa ma ka honua a me ke kaulahao ʻoihana piha loa me nā ʻāpana piha loa. ʻO nā lole lole Pākē he mau wili, nā lole, nā lole a pēlā aku. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2015, ua hōʻea ka nui o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka fiber o Kina i 53 miliona tons, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 50 pakeneka o ka nui o ka honua. ʻO Kina ka mea hana nui a me ka mea kūʻai aku i nā lole a me nā lole. Ua alakaʻi mua ka ʻoihana lole lole o Kina i ka honua no hoʻokahi makahiki. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Kina i ka honua i nā mea hoʻoili lole. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū o ka lole lole a me ka ʻoihana lole, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka ʻoihana lole a me ka ʻoihana hana lole, ʻo ia ka ʻoihana hoʻokūkū nui loa ma Kina. ʻO ia ka mea ikaika loa ma ka honua e pili ana i ka māhele mākeke honua, ka papa kuhikuhi hoʻokūkū kālepa a me ka helu kuhikuhi pono hoʻohālikelike.

He moʻolelo lōʻihi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana textile o Kina, e like me ka wā Neolithic i haku ai i ka ʻenehana textile. Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻenehana lole siliki a me ke olonā ma Kina kahiko a loaʻa iā ia kahi inoa maikaʻi ma ka honua. Ua hoʻolaha mua ke aupuni Roma kahiko i ka silika ma ke ala silika a kapa ʻia ʻo Kina ʻo "Land of silk". ʻO ka ʻoihana lole lole o Kina i hoʻomaka mua ʻia i ka fiber kemika, ka lole pulupulu, ka lole huluhulu, ka lole hemp, ka siliki, ka ulana ʻana, ka paʻi ʻana a me ka waihoʻoluʻu, nā lole, nā lole home, nā mīkini lole a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hoʻokumu mālie ka ʻoihana textile i kahi ʻoihana textile hou me nā textile home, textiles lole a me nā textile ʻoihana e like me ʻekolu ʻōnaehana. I ka makahiki 2020, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka fiber textile a Kina ma mua o 50% o ka honua, a ʻo kāna helu hoʻoiho no ka 1/3 o ka honua. ʻO ia ka ʻoihana me nā koena kālepa haole nui loa ma Kina, a ua hiki i kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ka fiber per capita i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ka honua. I ka wā ma mua, ua kuhi hewa ʻia ka ʻoihana lole lole o Kina no ka "ʻoihana napoʻo", akā i kēia manawa i nā hoa honua, ʻaʻole wale ka mea nui loa, a me nā ʻāpana ʻoihana piha loa, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kaulahao ʻoihana piha loa, ʻepekema ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana i mua o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka brand home i ʻike nui ʻia i nā mākeke kūloko a me nā mākeke honua. Ma waena o nā ʻoihana ʻelima (textile, nā mea hana hale, nā mea kūkulu hale, ka hao a me ke kila, a me ke ala kaʻa holo kiʻekiʻe) i helu ʻia ma ka papa inoa mua o nā ʻoihana hana honua ma Kina, ʻo ka ʻoihana lole ka mea mua.

ʻO ka māhele makeke o ka ʻoihana lole a me nā lole lole o Kina ke kūlana ʻelua ma ka honua, ʻeono manawa ma mua o Italia, ʻehiku manawa i ko Kelemania a he 12 manawa i ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kokoke i kahi ʻumi makahiki i hala. Ua ʻoi aku ka helu helu hoʻokūkū kālepa o Kina ma luna o 0.6 no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ua kokoke ka papa kuhikuhi hoʻokūkū kālepa lole i ka 1 no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka index of explicit comparative advantage ka mea maʻamau ma luna o 2.5, e hōʻike ana he ikaika ka hoʻokūkū honua. ʻO ka huahana o ka lole lole a me ka ʻoihana lole o Kina he 9 mau manawa ma mua o Italia a he 14 mau manawa i ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka manaʻo he ikaika ka hoʻokūkū honua. ʻO ka mea nui, i ke kolu o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, ua pae mua ʻo Kina i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka fiber kemika, ka ʻili, ka lole, ka lole huluhulu, nā waiwai silika a me nā lole. Eia kekahi, e like me nā helu kūpono mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa a me Iapana, i ka makahiki 2020, ua helu ʻo Kina i 33%, 43.9% a me 58.6% o ka huina o nā lole a me nā lole komo mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa a me Iapana. Ma waena o lākou, ua lanakila nā huahana Mask mai Kina i ka mākeke, e helu ana no 83%, 91.3% a me 89.9% o nā mea hoʻokomo mask mai US, EU a me Iapana.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia hikina hema me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, loaʻa iā Kina nā pōmaikaʻi kūlohelohe: 1) He moʻolelo lōʻihi ka ʻoihana textile o Kina, nā lako maka piha a me kahi kaulahao hoʻolako piha, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā kauoha i ka wā o ke ahulau. 1) Paʻa ke kūlana maʻi ahulau ma Kina, a ʻo Kina ka mea mua e hoʻomaka hou i ka hana a me ka hana. He mea maʻamau nā kaulahao ʻoihana a me nā lako, a hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā kauoha e like me ka mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. 3) Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana textile o Kina ma kahi kahua ʻoihana ʻenehana me ka uku haʻahaʻa o ka hana nui.

ʻO ke kūlanakauhale lole lole kaulana o Kina: Hebei Gaoyang. Ua hoʻomaka ka lole ʻo Gaoyang i ka hope o ka Ming Dynasty, xing i ka hope Qing Dynasty, i pōmaikaʻi i ka Repubalika mua o Kina, ʻoi aku ma mua o 400 mau makahiki o ka hoʻoilina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana textile kalana ma mua o 4000. ʻO ka hōʻikeʻike lole home makahiki he hanana nui ia o ka ʻoihana lole ʻāina. Loaʻa iā ia ka hale hōʻikeʻike textile ʻoihana nui loa me nā mea mōʻaukala piha loa a me ka mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe kalana nui loa ma ka ʻāina. He mea pono e olelo aku i ka Gao Yang textile oihana ua ulu loa, kāwele, hulu hipa, blanket i ekolu huahana nui hana helu no 38.8%, 24.7% a me 26% o ka aina holookoa, oia kekahi o ka aina ka nui pulupulu haawi kikowaena, nona ka nui o ke kāwele 'oihana wholesale market, gao Yang textile kalepa kulanakauhale, ka'āina' oihana kaʻa paka blanking nui loa.

Aia ʻo Kina Light Textile City ma Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. I hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 1988, ua hana ʻo Shaoxing Keqiao i nā moʻolelo waiwai he nui a lilo i ke kapikala textile honua "e uhi ana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa". Ua uhi ʻia ʻo Kina Textile City i kahi ʻāpana o 1.8 miliona mau mika square, me ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana o 3.9 miliona mau mika square. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ka lole i kūʻai ʻia ma ʻaneʻi he 1/3 o ka ʻāina a me 1/4 o ka honua. I ka makahiki 2020, ua loaʻa i nā pūʻulu mākeke ʻo China textile City kahi huli o 216.325 biliona yuan. Ua hiki i ka 277.03 biliona yuan ka nui o ke kālepa o nā mākeke pūnaewele a me waho o Kina. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka mea mua ma ka mākeke kūʻai lole lole lole lole o Kina no 32 mau makahiki. ʻO ia ke kikowaena hoʻolaha textile nui me nā lako piha a me nā ʻano huahana like ʻole ma Kina, a me kahi mākeke ʻoihana lole māmā nui ma Asia.

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Kina i ka honua ma ke kahua o ka filament filament. ʻO ka nui o ka hana fiber o ka honua ma kahi o 90 miliona mau tona. ʻO 70 ka nui o ka 90 miliona tons o ka hana fiber he fiber kemikal, ma kahi o 65 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka filament fiber kemikal ma kahi o 40 miliona tons. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mana o nā filament kemika. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka 40 miliona tons o ka filament filament kemika ma ka honua i hana ʻia ma Kina.

ʻO Kina ka mea hana pulupulu nui a me ka mea kūʻai aku ma ka honua. Me ka hana ʻana o ka pulupulu kūloko i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ka noi, pono mau ʻo Kina i nā mea lawe mai i waho e hoʻohui i ka noi. Akā, lawe ʻia mai ka pulupulu maka kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka nui o ka pulupulu lawe mai i ka makahiki 2020 he 2.1545 miliona tons, a ʻoi aku ka 16.67% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Brazil a me India nā kumu hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe ʻekolu. Ma ke ʻano o ka lako o ka home, ʻo ka kanu ʻana i ka pulupulu ma Kina e māhele nui ʻia ma ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze a me nā kīʻaha ʻo Yellow River a me nā wahi hana ma Xinjiang, kahi i loaʻa ai ka 45% o ka nui o ka huina o ka ʻāina, ʻo ke kahawai ʻo Yellow River he 25%, a ʻo ke kahawai ʻo Yangtze ma kahi o 10%. He mea pono ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka pulupulu xinjiang ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo Kina ka mea kiʻekiʻe o ka huahana pulupulu kumu waiwai o Kina, ʻo xinjiang ka pulupulu i 2020 he 5.161 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka 87.3% o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka hapalima o ka honua. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ma muli o ka hua kiʻekiʻe o xinjiang a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka pulupulu i kākoʻo ʻia ai ka ikaika kumu o Kina i ka ʻāina hana pulupulu mua o ka honua.